Psychoactive toad

Justicia pectoralis (Acanthaceae), Desmodium prulchellum (Fabaceae), Phalaris arundinacea, P. tuberosa (Poaceae), Virola sp. (Myristicaceae) [resin] Bufo alvarius (Sonoran desert toad) (psychoactive toad)... 

In addition to plant sources of hallucinogenic chemicals, several species of toads produce venom that has psychoactive properties. Members of the genus Bufo, particularly Bufo marinus and Bufo alvarius, contain bufotenine and 5-MeO-DMT. Typically toads are either licked or milked for their venom, which is then smoked or ingested. Alternatively, their dried skin may be smoked. 

Bufotenin 48, a poison occurring in the skin of toads, causes a rise in blood pressure and paralyses the spinal and cerebral motor centres. Psilocin 49, the psychoactive substance in the Mexican mushroom Teonanacatl, increases excitability and causes hallucinations ... 

A considerable number of natural products are derived from indole. Very important is the essential amino acid tryptophan (133), a constituent of many proteins. Enzymatic conversion of tryptophan in living organisms produces additional natural products, for example, serotonin (134, 5-hydroxytryptamine) by hydroxylation and decarboxylation. It occurs in the semm of warm-blooded animals as a vasoconstrictor, and is one of the agents responsible for maintaining vascular tone. Moreover, it acts as a neurotransmitter, that is, it is essential for conducting impulses between nerve cells. Bufotenin (135), a poison occurring in the skin of toads, causes a rise in blood pressure and paralyzes the spinal and cerebral motor centers. Psilocin (136), the psychoactive substance in the Mexican mushroom Teonanacatl, increases excitability and causes hallucinations. 

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