Waxy esters

Esveld, E., Chemat, F. and van Haveren, J., Pilot scale continuous microwave dry-media reactor, Part II application to waxy esters production, Chem. Eng. Technol., 2000, 23, 429. 

Scheme 11 Waxy ester production in pilot scale...

Is a strongly hydrophilic emulsifier, stabilizer, antlgellant, and lubricant. It is used as an emulsifier for glycerol monostearate and other waxy esters in the production of concentrated, pourable textile lubricants and softeners, and as a stabilizer and antlgellant for starch solutions. Other applications Include its use as a nonabrasive coating for glass bottles,... 

The most visible bee-foraged material from the standpoint of hive air samples was propohs. A wide variety of hydrocarbons and their partially oxidized breakdown product components were collected in our chemical sorbent beds. These correlated closely with lists of compounds reported in propolis [16, 17, 101] for North America and Europe. Many more compounds appear in propolis from tropical forests [16] that were not examined in this study. Many of these are large waxy esters and would not be seen by our TD/GC/MS method. We expect that specific compounds and their relative amounts will show considerable variation dependent upon... 

KESSCO 653 CETYL PALMITATE Flake Cetyl Palmitats Is a waxy ester that Imparts good skin feel properties to cosmetics. It Is used as a base In stick cosmetics and as an emollient thickener In creams and lotions. 

Sealey J.E., Samaranayake G., Xodd J.G., Glasser W.G., Novel cellulose derivatives. IV. Preparation and theimal analysis of waxy esters of ceUulose, J. Polym. Sci. B Polym. Phys., 34, 1996, 1613-1620. 

Synthetic waxy esters Many proprietary chemicals... 

Kolattukudy P E 1967 Mechanisms of syntheses of waxy esters in broccoli Brassica oleracea). Biochemistry 6 2705-2717... 

The Friedel-Crafts process is frequently the most useful method for the introduction of an alkyl group. The reaction is capable of many practical applications, and a large number of patents have appeared on the preparation of alkyl derivatives of various aromatic compounds such as xylene, naphthalene, and phenols. Patents have covered the utilization of such alkylating agents as the olefins derived from cracking, the mixtures prepared by chlorination of petroleum fractions, and various naturally occurring waxy esters. The most important application is the synthesis of ethylbenzene from ethylene and benzene. 

Chem. Descrip. Stearyl erucate CAS 86601-84-5 EINECS/ELINCS 289-2564 Uses Emollient for lip prods., pan and stick makeup pigment dispersant Features Soft waxy ester which melts close to body temp. prevents syneresis in lip prods. 

Uses Emulsifier for glyceryl stearate and waxy esters in prod, of cone, textile lubricants and softeners stabilizer and antigellant for starch sol ns. emulsifier for cosmetics and pharmaceuticals... 

Reaction with Fatty Acids and Esters. Alkanolamines and long-chain fatty acids react at room temperature to give neutral alkanolamine soaps, which are waxy, noncrystaUine materials with widespread commercial appHcations as emulsifiers. At elevated temperatures, 140 —160°C, A/-aIkanolamides are the main products, at a 1 1 reaction ratio (7,8). 

A variety of waxy hydrophobic hydrocarbon-based soHd phases are used including fatty acid amides and sulfonamides, hydrocarbon waxes such as montan wax [8002-53-7], and soHd fatty acids and esters. The amides are particularly important commercially. One example is the use of ethylenediamine distearamide [110-30-5] as a component of latex paint and paper pulp blackHquor defoamer (11). Hydrocarbon-based polymers are also used as the soHd components of antifoaming compositions (5) examples include polyethylene [9002-88-4], poly(vinyl chloride) [9002-86-2], and polymeric ion-exchange resins. 

Viscosity is defined as the shear stress per unit area at any point in a confined fluid divided by the velocity gradient in the direc tiou perpendicular to the direction of flow. If this ratio is constant with time at a given temperature and pressure for any species, the fluid is caUed a Newtonian fluid. This section is limited to Newtonian fluids, which include all gases and most uoupolymeric liquids and their mixtures. Most polymers, pastes, slurries, waxy oils, and some silicate esters are examples of uou-Newtouiau fluids. 

The oleaginous phases of creams differ composi-tionally from hydrocarbon ointments. Many, but not all, creams are patterned after vanishing cream and contain considerable stearic acid. In lieu of some or all of the stearic acid, creams sometime contain long-chain waxy alcohols (cetyl, Ci6 stearyl, Ci8), long-chain esters (myristates, Ci4 palmitates, Ci6 stearates, Cig), other long-chain acids (palmatic acid), vegetable and animal oils, and assorted other waxes of both animal and mineral origin. 

Lecithin. A mixt of the diglycerides of stearic, palmitic and oleic acids, linked to the choline ester of phosphoric acid. Yellowish-white, waxy mass, obtained either from eggyolk or soybeans. Insol in w sol in ale, chlf and eth. Lecithin was used in Composition C (RDX 88.3, nonexpl oily plasticizer 11.1 lecithin 0.6%) to help prevent the formation of large crysts of RDX which would increase the sensitivity of the compn (Refs 1 4)... 

Waxy ketones Synthetic esters Fatty acid amides Amide derivatives Imide condensation products Fatty alcohols Fatty acidis Metal soaps Palmitone cetyl stearate palmitamide stearanilide N-hexadecyl phthalimide stearyl alcohol stearic acid 12 hydroxstearic acid calcium resinate barium resinate calcium stearate barium stearate ... 

Waxy polyol ether-esters, as for example, polyoxyethylene sorbitol. 

Polyoxyethylene fatty acid esters are produced by the reaction of polyethylene glycols with fatty adds. The commercial products are waxy solids which include Carbowax 4000 (Mono) Stearate. Some of the products act as plasticizers and lubricants for plastics. The polyethylene glycols are soluble in water. 

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